Accounting Client Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bookkeeping Client Response - Essay Example ng research issue’, guaranteeing ideal and refreshed data and news about the arrival of new bookkeeping gauges to significant clients and reducing the ‘risk of rebelliousness with measures making the writing simpler to use’. (Web: fasb.org) It is beneficial to feature the reality after a broad examination on FASB codification that renting had a complete volume of worth US $760billion alone in 2007 (before downturn) however because of the entanglements of monetary detailing gauges, a mammoth aggregate of those rent contracts went unreported in fiscal reports of different business elements. Maybe, the fundamental purpose for this was the way that leases were separated into two classifications, for example, Operating leases and Capital or Finance rents by IFRSs and US GAAP and bookkeepers perceived just the benefits and liabilities emerging from Capital leases’ in the company’s monetary record. Then again, ‘for a working lease the renter just perceived rent installments as a cost over the rent term’. This distinction in recording of rent contracts and their arrangement prompted diverse specialized issues, for example, misjudging and confounding by bookkeeping clients who would in general accept t hat all rent contracts builds ‘assets and liabilities so they ought to be perceived in the budget reports of residents and henceforth normally balanced those sums in their monetary records to assess resources/liabilities impacts coming about because of working lease contracts.’ Secondly, the order of agreements additionally came about in ‘similar exchanges being represented distinctively and lessening likeness for clients of bookkeeping information.’ And thirdly, the distinction in detailing the two kinds ‘provided chances to structure exchanges in order to accomplish a specific rent classification.’ (News Release, 2009) It was because of the above issues as characterized by FASB, it alongside IASB thought of another methodology in which order of

Emerson and Thoreau Essay Example for Free

Emerson and Thoreau Essay Ralph Waldo Emersons American Scholar features three impacts that influence the brains learning process. The things by which assists with instructing man are nature, books, and through activity. Keeps an eye on mind resembles nature, tremendous and holds numerous privileged insights to be revealed and delighted in. How nature unfurls resembles the unfurling of the psyche; what laws administer it are those made by the brain. Concerning books, Emerson suggests that man should just gain from them accurate science and chronicled occasions. He affirms that books ought to be utilized for motivation and read during inactive occasions. Books ought not be utilized as the authoritative handbook for the learning man. They ought not be taken to be truth, for the real factors of the past may not remain constant in the present. In conclusion, Emerson urges the researcher to partake in labor, administration, and talk. These exercises are the indications of his contemplations. Without activity, Emerson says that a researcher has not become completely a man. 2. During Henry David Thoreaus time, he was disappointed with how the legislature ran the nation. His opposition was mostly established on the issue of subjugation, for which he was incredibly restricted. As a method of communicating this analysis he composed Civil Disobedience specifying what he figured wasn't right with government and how it very well may be helped. He attests in the article that the residents have an obligation to stand up when he sees and encounters wrong administration. He compared the legislature to machine without an inner voice that ought not be permitted to bring bad form and oppress the individuals. Thoreaus protection from what he saw as foul play isn't a type of treachery. He felt it his obligation to stand up and carry positive change to his nation. He urges residents to play an increasingly dynamic job and oppose the out of line directs of a still, small voice less machine. Thoreau proposes that the best government is one that doesn't meddle a lot with its residents.

Saving the World Business Ideas for Cleaning the Ocean from Plastic Waste

Saving the World Business Ideas for Cleaning the Ocean from Plastic Waste Plastic pollution is a problem that plagues not one, but all of the world’s oceans, killing sea life and endangering the health of human beings. Though the issue of marine plastic solution is not one that can be resolved easily, it is possible to alleviate the problem at least to a small extent.By coming up with a business plan that helps to get rid of and/or reuse ocean plastic, you can show your concern for the environment. © Shutterstock.com | iuriiAspects discussed in this article are 1) plastic waste in the oceans is a very serious issue, 2) challenges associated with ridding the ocean of plastic, and 3) innovative business ideas for removing and/or reusing plastic waste from oceans.PLASTIC WASTE IN THE OCEANS IS A VERY SERIOUS ISSUE © Visual.ly | The Huffington PostThe issue with the plastic waste in the oceans is more serious for the whole Earth than you may have imagined. The following facts prove it.If we were to consider Los Angeles alone, ten metric tons of plastic fragments such as grocery bags, soda bottles, and straws, enter the Pacific Ocean daily.The world’s largest ocean garbage site is called The Great Pacific Garbage Patch and is situated in the North Pacific Gyre off the California Coast. This floating load of plastic is twice the size of Texas, with the ratio of plastic fragments to sea life being six to one.Degradation of plastic can take anywhere from 500 to 1,000 years. As per 2006 EPA statistics, close to half (46 percent) of plastics float and may drift for years before finally concentrating in the ocean gyres.Plastic that finds its way in the ocean breaks down into such minute pieces that segments from a one liter plastic bottle could end up on every mile of beach all over the world. In s amples taken from the Lake Erie, 85 percent of the plastic bits were smaller than two-tenths of an inch, mostly microscopic.All sea turtle species, 44 percent of all seabird species, more than 20 percent of cetaceans, and the growing list of fish arts have been documented to have plastic either inside or around their bodies. One million sea birds and a hundred thousand marine mammals die every year because of plastic in the ocean.Plastic does not biodegrade. The sun’s UV rays combined with salt from the sea water result in conventional plastic becoming brittle and breaking apart into tiny bits of plastic, still holding toxic substances that came in during manufacture such as Bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates and flame retardants. What’s more, plastics are like a magnet for persistent oily pollutants in the sea water and which the former concentrates. So, these plastic fragments not only imperil sea creatures by way of entanglement or blocking their digestive tracts, but also by caus ing the entry of hazardous chemicals into the food chain.A very high number of Americans (93 percent) aged six years and older test positive for Bisphenol A. BPA-free is not safer.CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH RIDDING THE OCEAN OF PLASTICWith any offshore cleanup plan come various challenges.The challenge of locating the debris: Gyres are huge systems of rotating ocean currents (the size of continents), especially those associated with huge wind movements. What’s more, they are loosely defined. Even in the heart of the gyre where debris buildup peaks, the effect can be likened to a plastic soup with pieces distributed all through the extent of the water column to a depth of approximately 20 meters. In addition, plastics are not restricted to gyres but accumulate throughout marine environments as varied as the Arctic seafloor and shoreline mangroves.Challenge of selectively pulling out the plastics: The plastics would become microscopic in size with the passage of time. In addition, t hey have to be extracted without harming sea life. What to do if sea creatures have already colonized the plastics?Challenge of corrosive forces: Any device employed in the sea would have to compete against the extremely corrosive forces created by violent storms, constant motion and amassing of barnacles and bird droppings.Challenge of financing: Where to get money to carry out the cleanup?Challenge of what to do once extracted: Getting the plastics out of the oceans is difficult enough. However, one must also figure out what to do with the extracted plastics.INNOVATIVE BUSINESS IDEAS FOR REMOVING AND/OR REUSING PLASTIC WASTE FROM OCEANSBioplastics â€" One Sustainable but Much Debated AlternativeBioplastics are plastics obtained from renewable biomass sources such as corn starch, vegetable oils and fats, microbiota or pea starch. They can be produced from agricultural byproducts and even from used plastic bottles and other containers utilizing microorganisms. On the other hand, typ ical plastics such as fossil-fuel plastics are obtained from petroleum and their production calls for more fossil fuels and generates more greenhouse gas.Bioplastics are utilized for disposable goods such as crockery, packaging, pots, cutlery, straws and bowls. They are also frequently utilized for trays, bags, blister foils, fruit and vegetable containers, meat packaging, egg cartons, dairy products, bottling for soft drinks, and vegetables.Bioplastics are also utilized in non-disposable applications such as carpet fibers, plastic piping, and mobile casings. New electroactive bioplastics are being created that can be used to convey electrical current. With respect to these applications, the objective is not biodegradability but development of items from sustainable resources.Though bioplastics are a greener alternative, they bring problems of their own:Disposal of BioplasticsEven biodegradable and compostable plastics usually only break down properly when conditions are favorable f or them. In the water or land, these plastics usually remain long enough to result in potential hazards to water life and systems.Manufacture of BioplasticsCorn-based bioplastics depend on the production of corn, which brings up concerns pertaining to agricultural consequences on food production, land use, and global warming. Fortunately, these impacts can be considerably decreased by specifying bioplastic products developed from waste-based agricultural residues (residues that remain following harvest from an existing agricultural land use which would be considered as waste otherwise). TCOP (The Clean Oceans Project)TCOP (The Clean Ocean Project) is a non-profit based in Santa Cruz and planning to construct a 65-foot manned sailing catamaran intended to skim four common kinds of plastics that float #2HDPE, #4LDPE, #6PS and #5PP from the sea’s surface. Polymers such as #3PVC and nylon are not targeted. Fortunately, 80 percent of aquatic plastic pollution comes from land-based sou rces and chiefly from single-use products created from the targeted polymers. In addition, gyre currents advantageously sweep floating fragments into streams known as “windrows” that can be seen by the naked eye.The plan is to only target fragments that can be collected by a ¼ inch mesh. The reason is that getting rid of the bigger stuff should result in diminishing of microplastics over the passage of time. A hand-held spectrophotometer would assist with sorting plastics by polymer.The game changer for the non-profit was discovering Blest, a Japanese company that already has a plastics-to-light crude oil converter on the market. This converter can produce a gallon of fuel from eight pounds of plastic waste with no toxic air emissions because the plastics are only heated for distillation into fuels, and not incinerated. The only resulting emissions are water vapor and carbon dioxide.TCOP expects to develop the first-ever shipboard converter to produce enough fuel to supplement the solar sail and wind technology which would power the catamaran. The expensive transfer of captured plastics to landfills or recyclers (situated chiefly in China) would be done away with it. The converter is priced at $199,000 and made to handle 500 pounds of plastic a day. As of June 2014, the non-profit was looking for funding to arrange a test run in the North Pacific Gyre. The endeavor may not be profitable, considering the considerable support it is getting from philanthropic and corporate organizations, though it is worthwhile for the sake of the environment. Plastic-eating marine drone © The Cutting EdgeIn 2012, an industrial design student by the name of Elie Ahovi introduced the concept of an autonomous underwater drone that could find and destroy plastic. The electric underwater vehicle called the “Marine Drone” which tows a plastic trapping net, can siphon plastic garbage, ingesting bits of trash in a wide open maw equivalent to that of a whale shark. A circular buoy surrounds the net to balance the weight of the trash it collects. The drone prevents fish and other marine creatures from getting inside its jaws by spreading an annoying for fishes sonic transmitter. The vehicle communicates with its base station and other drones using sonar.The system may be able to stay underwater for two weeks, swallowing tiny plastic shards or whole plastic bottles. With the draining of its batteries, it can go back to an ocean base, and human crews would tow it up and take out the plastic for recycling. This concept is a response to a challenge from Veolia, a France-base d environmental services firm that asked students to propose ideas to deal with the problem of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.In addition to cleaning the oceans, the vehicle could bring in returns for companies looking to recycle plastics and decrease petroleum use. Ocean Cleanup ArrayLast year, a 19-year-old Dutch boy by the name of Boyan Slat uncovered plans to develop an Ocean Cleanup Array that could get rid of 7,25,000 tons of plastic trash from the world’s oceans. The machine comprises an anchored network. It consists of floating booms and processing platforms that could be sent to garbage patches in different parts of the globe. Rather than travel through the ocean, the array would function as a huge funnel, covering the radius of a garbage patch. The angle of the booms would push plastic in the path of the platforms where it would be detached from plankton, filtered, and kept for recycling.At school, the teenager started a project that assessed the amount and size of plas tic particles in the ocean’s patches of garbage. His final paper won a number of prizes including Best Technical Design 2012 at the Delft University of Technology. Boyan carried on with developing his concept in the summer of 2012 and he shared it some months later at TEDxDelft2012. Boyan later started a non-profit organization called The Ocean Cleanup Foundation, which is in charge of the development of his intended technologies. His brilliant solution has the potential to save the lives of hundreds of thousands of aquatic animals each year and decrease the buildup of pollutants (such as DDT and PPT) in the food chain. It may also save millions annually with respect to clean-up expenses, damage to marine vessels and lost tourism.Though Boyan’s plan met with a lot of criticism, one year and a 530-page report later, independent experts have come to the conclusion the array is a practical ocean cleanup method. A crowd funding campaign that followed was able to raise nearly $2.2 mi llion which means the organization can now begin the pilot phase of the project. Bionic Yarn for Jeans and ShirtsIn February, 2014, popular musician, designer and style maverick Pharrell Williams announced a joint project with his eco-minded company called Bionic Yarn. The target of the project is to ensure that sustainable fashion and conservation of the earth is accessible to everyone through the garments they purchase. It was to involve converting plastic from the ocean into yarn that denim label G-Star RAW would then utilize to create a collection of men’s and women’s jeans called RAW for the Ocean. Plastic bottles gathered from beaches and oceans are broken into tiny flakes, melted and passed through a shower head to create the highly durable fibers following which G-Star RAW works their magic on them. A detailed explanation of the production process is available on the brand’s website https://www.g-star.com. The RAW for the Ocean collection is currently available for pu rchase, also by way of the same website. Method bottlesIn the latter half of 2011, Method announced an ambitious project to convert plastic waste from the ocean into detergent bottles. The ‘Ocean Plastic’ bottles are partly developed from debris that has made its way to Hawaiian beaches, thus ensuring that more plastics do not end up in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The project is meant to increase awareness about ocean plastic trash and what can be done about the problem.The style of the Method bottle is a departure from the company’s usual bright colors. The company’s intention in doing so was to retain the plastic in its natural form. The gray color results from chopping and blending that takes place at the time of recycling. The sea urchin is the inspiration for the bottles’ ridged design. Method bottles designed for hand dish soap (2-in-1) can be bought using the company’s website and at Whole Foods Market stores.Though Method’s idea was great, for some time, there was no real and lasting source for the ocean plastic until an apparel company called United by Blue contacted them. The latter takes out one pound of ocean trash for each product sold. United by Blue’s ocean conservation model is unique. Instead of entrusting other organizations to carry out its charitable works and paying them for it, the company arranges its own ocean cleanups, making certain that it can achieve real results. As of December 2011, the company had removed 82,000 pounds of ocean waste. Method takes the plastics collected by United By Blue, hands it over to the plastic recycler Envision Plastics, and gets back recycled suitable material for detergent bottles. Though United by Blue could not give Method as much ocean plastic as it required, it did have a considerable amount to give. Plastic Bank and First Ever 3D Printed ItemAs of June 2014, The Plastic Bank had developed an item solely with 3D printing filament created from recycled ocean plastic. The project is another step forward in the organization’s movement to convert plastic waste from the ocean into 3D printing filament which in turn can better the lives of a section of the world’s poor. Thus, the organization is converting ocean plastic trash into a currency to assist with decreasing plastic waste as well as international poverty. It is setting up exchange/re-purposing centers for plastic trash in areas with a heavy concentration of plastic pollution and poverty.The project started with a shoreline cleanup in Alaska, with waste plastic collected from the ocean. Following sorting, the plastic was sent to UBC and concerted into 3D filament that the Plastic Bank headquarters in Vancouver utilized to print the first ever 3D item. Bureo brand skateboardsThe decks of Bureo brand skateboards are created from plastic fishing nets that have been thrown off the Chilean coast. The credit for developing the skateboards goes to a trio of skaters and surfers from the northeast. This is no doubt a great step to get rid of plastic waste in the oceans considering that discarded plastic fishing nets are responsible for 10 percent of ocean plastic pollution across the globe. In addition, Bureo pays local fishing communities to gather the discarded nets, thereby providing a source of employment and economic activity.According to Bureo’s co-founder, for every board, they are able to keep over 30 square feet of dangerous plastic fishnet trash out of the oceans, and give support to coastal communities while trying to change the younger generation’s way of looking at ocean plastic pollution and possibly inspire them to devise their own method(s) of positively contributing to the world.As of July 2014, Bureo raised more than twice their goal by way of Kickstarter to start shipping boards developed from reclaimed ocean plastic all over the world. Ocean waste is an international problem that calls for an international solution. Ingenious ideas, collaborative efforts and a se nse of responsibility towards the environment can go a long way in resolving and curbing the problem.

The Journey Of My Life Essay - 1534 Words

Midway along the journey of my life, I pause to find myself in a darkened office, for I had wandered off from the studious path. The cold piercing glow of my monitor against bloodshot eyes taunted them with just how exhausted they had become. Projects that never seemed to want to work, grew more dysfunctional with every fix. The continued fatigue drove the temptation of distraction. Gazing out the window of my study I began examining the parking lot across the street. I began watching a figure fumbling between the cars. My mind began wondering how I would ever get my work done, I began wondering just how long I had until the sun s unwelcome glow would fill my peripheral vision while I continued to clack away against a futile assortment of code. A loud wailing of a car siren, focuses me. Again out the window I see the figure now in a car with the alarms blaring. I watch intently waiting for them to shut off, they don t. I stare blankly as the car starts driving down the nearby alley, horns echoing solely in the night. Listening while the horns become quieter and further away. I can tell what street they are headed down and I think of what I should do. Grabbing my phone, then second guessing myself. Staring at it waiting for it to call someone who can do something. After blindly observing my phone for what seemed like hours, I begin to realize it is too late to do anything. Before I know it my head lay on my desk. I keep telling myself that if I only close my eyes for aShow MoreRelatedThe Journey Of Life : My Journey In My Life1083 Words   |  5 PagesLife is a journey to be experienced, not a problem to be solved – Winnie the Pooh. Being a military kid growing up, for as long as I could remember I have always been moving around, but never out of the country. I believe in this point in my life I had moved at least six times by now. I was around the age of 11, when I got the news that we would be moving to another continent, Europe. I was both scared and excited. Scared that I would not fit in, but excited to have the opportunity to travel andRead MoreMy Journey Of Life963 Words   |  4 Pagestime to figure out. My journey has been filled with happy times and sad times. Difficult times and triumphant ones. My journey of life began prematurely on February 17, 1983 in Memphis, TN. I was born to two of the most wonderful people on this earth, and that’s a completely unbiased opinion. I weighed a whopping 4lbs and 13ounces and I had to stay in the hospital for quite a while before I was able to be released to go home with my parents. About a year before I was born, my mother’s father passedRead MoreThe Journey Of My Life1271 Words   |  6 PagesMy Marker Moments This paper will detail the journeys of my life that lead to my marker moments. Each marker was born out of a circumstance or ah-ha moment. A moment that opened my mind and heart and branched out towards the path of leadership in my life. There are three that I will speak about for the purpose of this paper although there are many more. The three that stand out the most are my first trip to Jamaica, Transitioning into Christianity and Returning to School in that order. JamaicaRead MoreMy Life Journey995 Words   |  4 PagesLife is like a roller coaster it can take people in different directions, it has its ups and downs. But thats the beauty of life we can enjoy the finer things in life when we are up, and, we go thru the pain and suffering when we are down. But it is how we deal with the challenges in life that can make us stronger. Also, the ability to change oneself to adapt to a new environment is one of the essential skills that a person can possess in life. My life has been full of challenges since I can rememberRead MoreMy Journey Of Life1312 Words   |  6 Pages A lot of people wish that they can have someone to guide them through the journey of life. The ups and downs and the trials and tribulations. All this time I didn’t know that I had someone that was in my corner that I would consider to be a mentor. I didn’t see him as my mentor until two years ago. My mentor is my older cousin Isaiah, he is a mechanical engineer a t General Electric. He has brown hair, brown eyes, and he’s athletic. Isaiah is caring, understanding, and very intelligent. Me on theRead MoreMy Journey In My Life1274 Words   |  6 Pages My life thus far has brought me through many journeys. The experiences I had disciplined me so much, I dont even know where to start. I am content for all the lessons I have learned through these experiences. God is my everything and is the only reason for this life. He has showed me the meaning of many things and is directing me to the right path. Therefore, the first influential person is Jesus. He has been present in every single thing I have been through. Times like loneliness and failureRead MoreThe Journey Of My Life1441 Words   |  6 Pagesarrive. My body was exhausted from doing volleyball drills, I just wanted to go home and rest. That is when I heard a familiar voice coming from the parking lot, it was my mother. We lived 45 minutes from town and I knew something was wrong for her to make the trip in to pick me up. As I walked over my gut wrenched into a ball. The possibilities of things she could say ran threw my mind and sent my world spinning. The solemn look on her face grew clearer as I started walking closer, my mother sRead MoreMy Journey Of My Life1345 Words   |  6 PagesIt was in the years of my adulthood, about twelve years from my joining of the Child’s Union, and it was on my vacation; my vacation, that was, from Kim Chaek University of Technology. The windowless transport bus halted and recoi led, alerting me that my destination has been reached, and that I could depart to the residence of my humble relatives in the village of Sinuiju, which was a municipal city on the very edge of North Korea and China. I stepped from the ancient vehicle and began the walk towardsRead MoreMy Journey In My Life947 Words   |  4 Pages When I was a child, my father always came to me and told me a quote, but over the years I have changed it into my own and now I live by it everyday: â€Å"Tomorrow is a brand new day, and a gift from yesterday. If you’ve failed, rise from your ashes and create your own path and leave a trail behind because you cannot take others paths to live your life. Life is your adventure and what you make of it.† I have always loved life and the people that are in it. Since I was a child I have had the biggest dreamsRead MoreMy Journey Of My Life Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesMy Journey My crew was about to make history. Legs in my chest, ankles in my thighs, head against the wall... I was ready for this. The words, â€Å"Everyone, out!† overwhelmed me. I had made my way down a thick rope, and saw the vast amount of people awaiting me. All the citizens were hushed asleep blind to what was to come. Nonchalantly, I took my recently sharpened spear out of my back pocket. It was time, and our crew made our first move. The whole scene was all a blur to me; sharp cries and agonizing

Dr. Martin Luther King s Speech - 1318 Words

Racism has always been a major problem in America. However, it was known to be the most problematic in the late 1950s. On August 28 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his infamous speech â€Å"I Have a Dream† to America. His dream highlighted the injustices of segregation and discrimination of African Americans that took place in this nation every single day. Dr. King inspired thousands despite the color of their skin, to take a stance against racism, with his powerful way with words. In his speech MLK efficaciously uses, Ethos, Pathos, and Logos by using allusions, developing credibility, in his speech to persuade all Americans to be aware of the problems with racism. Dr. King dives right into his speech opening with ethos, by using†¦show more content†¦By using Lincoln, King knows that he is hitting home with the half of the audience that consist of African Americans. In hopes of creating a better sense of credibility, which encourages people to accept his idea or â€Å"dream†, King mentions the Declaration of Independence. Dr. king makes himself credible by challenging what citizens known as the unalienable rights. Unalienable rights, are rights that cannot be taken away from a human being. They are considered rights given to people by God himself, when they are born. In the third paragraph he quotes, ‘the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness. â€Å"This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.† He uses the quote to show that the Supreme Court should be on his side. However, he then goes on to tell how even though it should be on his side it is not. â€Å"It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note.† He is stating that the American government has ne glected their promise to ALL of the American people. By doing this he is asking the readers to ask themselves, why has America failed to reach the expectations of equality? Why is the injustice only occurring to blacks? And most importantly, What can be done to change this? In another attempt to appear more credible, King often times quotes the bible. His use of the bible can cause an emotional response, butShow MoreRelatedDr. Martin Luther King Jr s Speech970 Words   |  4 Pages What makes Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s speech so important till this day? It’s ability to still move people. Dr. King Jr. was one of the best speakers of his time during the Civil Rights Movement. He wrote many distinguished works, two of them being his I Have a Dream Speech and his letter, Letters from Birmingham. Letters from Birmingham Jail was written from jail after he was shortly arrested for attempting to share his views with clergymen on this racial injustice. Dr. King delivered hi s I HaveRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s Speech1127 Words   |  5 PagesIn Dr. Martin Luther King’s speech, â€Å"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence†, King asserts that the war in Vietnam is a â€Å"symptom† (7) of a much larger disease that affects the â€Å"American spirit† (7). The disease King mentions is causing destruction where ever it is found, and in the case of the Vietnam war, it has led to their oppression and the death of people. In the section, Strange Liberators, King states, â€Å"They move sadly and apathetically as we heard them off the land of their fathers intoRead MoreKing s Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.999 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"I Have a Dream† one of the most popular speeches in history was written by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., an African American preacher. He directs his speech to two main groups of people. The first group being those listening to the speech, and the second being those who are just around the area where he is delivering his speech. King’s speech is focusing on the civil rights of the African American citizens. He talks about how poorly the other people have treated them. He uses historical documentationRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King s I Have A Dream Speech1696 Words   |  7 PagesDr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech has served as inspiration to multiple generations in the 52 years since his words were spoken. Individuals and groups have rallied behind his message of equality and peace and quoted this speech countless times in an attempt to further Dr. King’s dream of bringing racial injustice to an end. In this speech, which wa s delivered as the culmination of the March for Jobs in 1962, Dr. King addressed nearly 250,000 people to bring awareness to the injusticesRead MoreObservations On The s I Have A Dream Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.881 Words   |  4 Pageshappened 5 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream Speech on the Washington Mall 47 years ago, and Mother Teresa was born a century ago. Monday: Katrina; Tuesday: I Have a Dream; Today: Mother Teresa After spending a great deal of time on and devoting a good deal of space to the two previous subjects in this series on recent anniversaries, 2005 s devastating Hurricane Katrina and the world-changing 1963 I Have a Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., I had lookedRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech619 Words   |  3 Pages28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered one of the most famous speeches of all time to an audience of more than 200,000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In his, â€Å"I have a dream† speech, King addressed his encouragement of white and black people working together to achieve racial peace and harmony. He especially wanted to teach the young blacks that equality could be gained through the use of non-violence. The main reason King used nonviolenceRead Moreâ€Å"a Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’S ‘I Have a Dream’ Speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†.1444 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A Comparison of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have a Dream’ speech and ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail’†. 9% Similarity Born in Atlanta Georgia in 1929, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., conceivably lived as one of the greatest social and religious leaders in a country where a group of its citizens had to endure excruciating conditions of disenfranchisement, inferiority and degradation of a second class citizenship by reasons of race, color or origin. In effort to condemn allRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech915 Words   |  4 Pages Dr. Martin Luther King delivered his I Have a Dream speech to the thousands of African Americans who had marched on Washington, D.C. at the height of the Civil Rights Movement. The date of the speech was August 28, 1963, but it is one that will live for generations. Of course his purpose was to convince his audience on several fronts: he sought to persuade the black community to stand up for the rights afforded them under the Constitution, and he also sought to Read MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream Speech1480 Words   |  6 PagesRights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream speech was broadcasted across the nation and heard by millions of Americans on August 28, 1963. Throughout the decades, many have promoted the importance of racial equality in America. Leaders such as William J. Clinton, Barack Obama, and George W. Bush have contributed to modern social movements by, doing as Dr. King himself, giving speeches to varying audiences concerning the issue of racial inequality. Above all, Martin Luther King Jr made theRead MorePurpose of Education Essay669 Words   |  3 PagesSynthesis Essay: The Purpose of Education Everyday we go to school to receive our education, but what is the purpose of education? Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech, â€Å"The Purpose of Education† and Frank O’Connor’s short story, â€Å"Christmas Morning,† both discuss what is the purpose of education. The purpose of education is to acknowledge not only one’s intelligence, but also one’s character, provide one with the ability to make decisions and achieve their goals. One of the purposes of education

The novel Frankenstein written in 1831 by Mary Shelley Free Essays

The novel Frankenstein written in 1831 by Mary Shelley is a tale that seems to expound on many of the ideas set forth in John Keats’ â€Å"Ode on Melancholy.† The thematic elements concur in their references to the unknown and to the unwanted and melancholic results of knowledge that lies beyond a certain threshold of life. Both works take on a very tenebrous tone and even hint at a certain inevitability in the coming of doom and the destruction of beauty. We will write a custom essay sample on The novel Frankenstein written in 1831 by Mary Shelley or any similar topic only for you Order Now They might even be considered works that celebrate the sadder circumstances in life—which is in direct contrast to the unbridled optimism of many Romantic poets of the era. The monster created by Victor Frankenstein, as well as Frankenstein himself, enter the dreamlike and unknown territory of Lethe warned against by Keats, and in return find out first hand the inner workings of life’s melancholy. The very first line of Keats’ poem warns against entrance into the unknown, as therein lies even more evidence of the grief that life can hold. He writes, â€Å"No, no, go not to Lethe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (line 1). Lethe refers to a river found in the Greek mythologies that flowed through the underworld of Hades. This river is one that causes forgetfulness and in that way casts a shroud over reality that is similar to the misty and dreamlike sense created in the novel Frankenstein. Shelley does this using several devices, such as through the setting she creates. The story begins while the first narrator and Dr. Frankenstein sail together on a vessel in the dark and expansive waters of the Arctic. The atmosphere speaks volumes of the lack of clarity that is shown to exist on the earth. It also prefigures the idea of Dr. Frankenstein’s forgetting (as on Lethe’s waters) lessons learned from Faust about seeking too much that which lies beyond death. It can also be seen from the very first letter written by Walton that life is itself shown to be unclear and unstable in its ability to mete out despair and melancholy no matter which actions are performed by the persons involved. Walton writes to Margaret: â€Å"And when shall I return? Ah, dear sister, how can I answer this question? If I succeed, many, many months, perhaps years, will pass before you and I may meet. If I fail, you will see me again soon, or never† (Shelley, 4). It is clear that life is like a voyage into the Arctic or on the river Lethe. What lies ahead is unknown and what happiness has past may easily be forgotten, as quickly as sadness may come. Yet Keats’ message is much more specific than the mere pointing out of the dreamlike nature of life. It goes further to deter men from seeking out the underside of life. He specifically warns against the deliberate seeking of things that are associated with death and the underworld. He speaks of the foolhardiness of twisting Wolfs-bane or allowing Proserpine (the goddess of the underworld) to kiss one’s forehead (lines 1-4). This is significant in the novel Frankenstein as the actions performed by that doctor may be compared directly to what Keats warns against. The doctor himself admits: â€Å"The moon gazed on my midnight labours, while, with unrelaxed and breathless eagerness, I pursued nature to her hidingplaces† (Shelley, 45). Frankenstein reveals that he deliberately seeks out the halls of death in his quest to give life to a cadaverous body. He goes beyond the call of the living man and ventures uninvited into the underworld to have his brow kissed by Proserpine. The warning Keats gives seems to be merited as the consequences of his actions serve only to illuminate the more melancholy aspects of life. A portentous smudge on Dr. Frankenstein’s eagerness to infuse the dead body with his new concoction of life symbolizes the doom that is foretold by Keats for those who meddle with the things of death. Frankenstein describes his state during the times leading up to the creation of his monster, and he reveals, â€Å"I pursued my undertaking with unremitting ardour. My cheek had grown pale with study, and my person had become emaciated with confinement† (Shelley, 44). This demonstrates the toll that his illicit actions were taking on his body. It is as though Proserpine’s kiss of death were spreading through his body while he attempted to give life to the dead one lying on his table. The unfavorable circumstances that are yet to come are prefigured in this episode where Frankenstein seems to be transferring his own life to the cadaver on which he operates. Keats goes on to speak of the fall of melancholy when â€Å"fit,† and this demonstrates that sadness itself will lie in incubation during periods that seem happy. He writes, â€Å"But when melancholy fit shall fall sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (lines 11-12). This demonstrates how in the fullness of time, melancholy itself will burst forth upon the heads of those who have performed the actions to deserve it. This is also true of the events of the novel Frankenstein. Once the scientific endeavor has been achieved, the Monster becomes a herald of fear and doom. He also becomes the hand of premature death to several of the characters, all of whom were loved by Victor. Furthermore, Keats’ comparison of melancholy’s â€Å"fall† to the weeping of a cloud makes it known that such sadness is a part of the cycle of life—and therefore gives the impression that there is no real need to seek it out, since it comes of its own accord anyway. Death would have come to Elizabeth, William, Justine and Frankenstein’s father without the help of the monster that was created. There was no real need for the Dr. Frankenstein to create that artificial taker of life, since life itself has its own built-in machinery of death. Yet Keats’ solution to the fall of melancholy holds a cryptic message that appears difficult to interpret. It is necessary to dig deeply into its meaning before it can be reconciled with the events portrayed in Mary Shelley’s novel. He indicates that when melancholy falls, one should â€Å"glut thy sorrow on a morning rose or on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave or on the wreath of globed peonies† (lines 15-17). When one â€Å"gluts† or oversupplies something, this leads to a drop in the price of the thing. Sorrow glutted upon these things of beauty causes itself to become cheap, and therefore easily acquired. It is difficult to see how this can be a solution to sorrow at all, since it merely proliferates it. However, it does support the thesis that sorrow is easily achieved in life; and it can also be seen to fit well with the ideas of the novel Frankenstein, in which the Monster goes on a rampage and gluts sorrow upon the happiness that once existed in Victor’s world. Yet, the glut of sorrow that Keats indicates exists in life is even more visible when one considers the condition of the Monster himself. The â€Å"life† into which he is brought is even more desolate and melancholy than that experienced by real humans. He is the only one of his kind and is marginalized by his very dissimilarity to man. His hatred and wickedness is spawned directly from this fact—which is a direct result of Frankenstein’s â€Å"[twisting] Wolfs-bane [†¦] for its poisonous wine† (Keats, lines 1-2). When the Monster speaks to Frankenstein, it is to display the condition to which he has been brought in life. He says, â€Å"I am malicious because I am miserable. Am I not shunned and hated by all mankind?† (Shelley, 147) It is this immense sorrow that the Monster’s life has brought him that overflows in its surplus and gluts itself on the morning rose of everything that is good in Frankenstein’s life. It affects the promise of his friend and brothers’ lives, and causes the shedding of his wife’s bloom and beauty. The ideas concerning the melancholy of life, which are reflected in this poem and novel, demonstrate several notions that are usually considered Romantic. The idea of something’s being Romantic gives the impression that it affects more gaiety than it really does possess. This can be shown to be true of the novel Frankenstein as the contentment that the doctor proposes to receive from fulfilling his plan is in direct contrast to what actually results from his work. Yet further ideas concerning Romanticism can also be extracted from these two works. The moral and Romantic belief in the apocalyptic events (as those portrayed in the Bible) followed by an era of peace and serenity can be shown to be reflected to some extent in the texts of the Keats’ poem and Shelley’s novel. Shelley’s protagonist is hit upon by doom and destruction as a result of the actions he performed during his life. This is also demonstrated in the melancholy that â€Å"falls† in Keats’ poem as a result of the actions of one who deliberately seeks out the underside of the life. Similarly, Romantic (biblical) destruction of the earth is also purported to be a direct result of the actions of mankind. However, once the destruction is complete, peace returns to the earth. This is seen to occur at the end of the novel Frankenstein when the monster destroys his maker and then wanders off to seek his own destruction. This appears to restore equilibrium to the world. Yet, this equilibrium cannot be said to be of the same optimistic quality as the â€Å"peace and tranquility† that is supposed to follow the apocalypse. In fact, this equilibrium keeps itself closer to the theme of melancholy being present naturally within life, as it is a balance between good and evil that defines this equilibrium. The novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley and the poem â€Å"Ode on Melancholy† by John Keats bear many similarities to each other. They contain the idea that seeking too much the things that lie beyond life will unleash a measure of death and sorrow that is not only unnecessary, but that will disrupt the gentle equilibrium that exists on earth. Life, in equilibrium, contains both joy and sorrow—so melancholy will come in good time without being sought. The actions of Dr. Frankenstein prove Keats’ theory to be correct in that he pushes to see beyond life and finds the death and sorrow in greater abundance than that which he sought. The optimism typical of the romantics is challenged in the ideas of these writers, as even the return of life’s equilibrium means that death and sorrow will have as much freedom to harm humans as life and happiness to comfort them. Works Cited Keats, John. 1819. â€Å"Ode on Melancholy.† The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Vol. I.   Ã‚   M. H. Abrams, et al. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. Shelley, Mary. 1831. Frankenstein. Bowser, BC: Aerie Publishing, 1988. How to cite The novel Frankenstein written in 1831 by Mary Shelley, Essay examples

Organic Molecules Challenge Essay Example For Students

Organic Molecules Challenge Essay Organic Molecules ChallengeSilicons Reign as King of SemiconductorsThere is a revolution fomenting in the semiconductor industry. It may take 30years or more to reach perfection, but when it does the advance may be so greatthat todays computers will be little more than calculators compared to whatwill come after. The revolution is called molecular electronics, and its goal isto depose silicon as king of the computer chip and put carbon in its place. The perpetrators are a few clever chemists trying to use pigment, proteins,polymers, and other organic molecules to carry out the same task thatmicroscopic patterns of silicon and metal do now. For years these researchersworked in secret, mainly at their blackboards, plotting and planning. Now theyare beginning to conduct small forays in the laboratory, and their few successesto date lead them to believe they were on the right track. We have a long way to go before carbon-based electronics replace silicon-basedelectronics, but we can see now that we hope to revolutionize computer designand performance, said Robert R. Birge, a professor of chemistry, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh. Now its only a matter of time, hard work, andsome luck before molecular electronics start having a noticeable impact.Molecular electronics is so named because it uses molecules to act as thewires and switches of computer chips. Wires, may someday be replaced bypolymers that conduct electricity, such as polyacetylene andpolyphenylenesulfide. Another candidate might be organometallic compounds suchas porphyrins and phthalocyanines which also conduct electricity. Whencrystallized, these flat molecules stack like pancakes, and metal ions in theircenters line up with one another to form a one-dimensional wire. Many organic molecules can exist in two distinct stable states that differ insome measurable property and are interconvertable. These could be switches ofmolecular electronics. For example, bacteriorhodpsin, a bacterial pigment,exists in two optical states: one state absorbs green light, the other orange. Shinning green light on the green-absorbing state converts it into the orangestate and vice versa. Birge and his coworkers have developed high density memorydrives using bacteriorhodopsin. Although the idea of using organic molecules may seem far-fetched, it happensevery day throughout nature. Electron transport in photosynthesis one of themost important energy generating systems in nature, is a real-world example ofwhat were trying to do, said Phil Seiden, manager of molecular science, IBM,Yorkstown Heights, N.Y. Birge, who heads the Center for Molecular Electronics at Carnegie-Mellon, saidtwo factors are driving this developing revolution, more speed and less space. Semiconductor chip designers are always trying to cram more electroniccomponents into a smaller space, mostly to make computers faster, he said. Andtheyve been quite good at it so far, but they are going to run into troublequite soon.A few years ago, for example, engineers at IBM made history last year when theybuilt a memory chip with enough transistors to store a million bytes ifinformation, the megabyte. It came as no big surprise. Nor did it when they cameout with a 16-megabyte chip. Chip designers have been cramming more transistorsinto less space since Jack Kilby at Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce atFairchild Semiconductor first showed how to put multitudes on electroniccomponents on a slab of silicon. But 16 megabytes may be near the end of the road. As bits get smaller and losertogether, crosstalk between them tends to degrade their performance. If thecomponents were pushed any closer they would short circuit. Physical limits havetriumphed over engineering. That is when chemistry will have its day. Carbon, the element common to allforms of life, will become the element of computers too. That is when we seeelectronics based on inorganic semiconductors, namely silicon and galliumarsenide, giving way to electronics based on organic compounds, said Scott E. Rickert, associate professor of macromolecular science, Case Western ReserveUniversity, Cleveland, and head of the schools Polymer Microdevice Laboratory. As a result, added Rickert, we could see memory chips store billions of bytesof information and computers that are thousands times faster. The science ofmolecular electronics could revolutionize computer design.But even if it does not, the research will surely have a major impact on organicchemistry. Molecular electronics presents very challenging intellectualproblems on organic chemistry, and when people work on challenging problems theyoften come up with remarkable, interesting solutions, said Jonathan S. Lindsey,assistant professor of chemistry, Carnegie-Mellon University. Even if the wholefield falls through, well still have learned a remarkable amount more aboutorganic compounds and their physical interactions than we know now. Thats why Idont have any qualms about pursuing this research.Moreover, many believe that industries will benefit regardless of whether anorganic-based computer chip is ever built. For example, Lindsey is developing anautomated system, as well as the chemi stry to go along with it, for synthesizingcomplex organic compounds analogous to the systems now available for peptide andnucleotide synthesis. And Rickert is using technology he developed foe molecularelectronic applications to make gas sensors that are both a thousand timesfaster and more sensitive than conventional sensors. Peyotism EssayIn their system, Poehler and Potember use compounds formed form either copper orsilver- the electron donor-and the tetracyaboquinodimethane (TCNQ) or variousderivatives-the electron acceptor. The researchers first deposit the metal ontosome substrate-it could be either a silicon or plastic slab. Next, they deposita solution of the organic electron acceptor onto the metal and heat it gently,causing a reaction to occur and evaporating the solvent. In the equilibrium state between these two molecular components, an electron istransferred from copper to TCNQ, forming a positive metal ion and a negativeTCNQ ion. Irradiating this complex with light from an argon laser causes thereverse reaction to occur, forming neutral metal and neutral TCNQ. Two measurable changed accompany this reaction. One is that the laser-lit areachanges color from blue to a pale yellow if the metal is copper or from violetif it is silver. This change is easily detected using the same or another laser. Thus, metal TCNQ films, like those made from bacteriorhodopsin, could serve asoptical memory storage devices. Poehler said that they have already builtseveral such devices and are now testing their performance. They work at roomtemperature. The other change that occurs, however, is more like those that take place onstandard microelectronics switches. When an electric field id applied to theorganometallic film, it becomes conducting in the irradiated area, just as asemiconductor does when an electric field is applied to it. Erasing a data or closing the switch is accomplished using any low-intensitylaser, including carbon dioxide, neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet, or galliumarsenide devices. The tiny amount of heat generated by the laser beam causes themetal and TCNQ to return to their equilibrium, non-conducting state. Turning offthe applied voltage also returns the system to its non-conducting state. The Hoptkins researchers found they could tailor the on/off behavior of thissystem by changing the electron acceptor. Using relative weak electron acceptors,such as dimethoxy-TCNQ, produced organometallic films with a very sharp on/offbehavior. But of a strong electron acceptor such as tetrafluoro-TCNQ is used,the film remains conductive even when the applied field is removed. This effectcan last from several minutes to several days; the stronger the electronacceptor, the longer the memory effect. Poehler and his colleagues are now working to optimize the electrical andoptical behavior of these materials. They have found, for example, that filmsmade with copper last longer than those made of silver. In addition, they aretesting various substrates and coatings to further stabilize these systems. Weknow the system works, Poehler said. Now were trying to develop it into asystem that will work in microelectronics applications.At Case Wester Rickert is also trying to make good organic chemistry and turn itinto something workable in microelectronics. He and his coworkers have foundthat using Langmuir-Blodgett techniques they can make polymer films actuallylook like and behave like metal foils. The polymer molecules are arranged in avery regular, ordered array, as if they were crystalline, said Rickert. These foils, made from polymers such as polyvinylstearate, behave much as metaloxide films do in standard semiconductor devices. but transistors made with theorganic foils are 20 percent faster than their inorganic counterparts, andrequire much less energy to make and process. Early in 1986, Rickert made adiscovery about these films that could have a major impact on the chemicalindustry long before any aspect of molecular electronics. the electricalbehavior of these foils is very sensitive to environmental changes such astemperature, pressure, humidity and chemical composition, he said. As a result,they make very good chemical sensors, better than any sensor yet developed.He has been able to develop an integrated sensor that to date can measure partsper billion concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, oxygen, andammonia. Moreover, it can measure all four simultaneously. Response times for the new supersniffer, as Rickert calls the sensor, are inthe millisecond range, compared to tens of seconds for standard gas sensors,Recovery times are faster too; under five seconds compared to minutes or hours. The Case Western team is now using polymer foils as electrochemical andbiochemical detectors. In spite of such successes, molecular electronics researchers point out thatMEDs will never replace totally those made of silicon and other inorganicsemiconductors. Molecular electronics will never make silicon technologyobsolete, said Carnegie-Mellons Birge. The lasers we will need, for example,will probably be built from gallium arsenide crystals on silicon wafers. But molecular electronic devices will replace many of those now made withsilicon and the combination of the two technologies should revolutionizecomputer design and function.